Decline of one of the southernmost northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) colonies and its relationship with a warm sea environment

Decline of one of the southernmost northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) colonies and its relationship with a warm sea environment

Over several decades, air temperature and sea surface temperature (SST) have increased in the northeastern Pacific, as has the frequency of large-scale warm anomalies in SST. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of these warm anomalies on the production of northern elephant seal (M...

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Autores principales: Rodríguez-Rafael, Eunice Donají, García-Aguilar, María de la Concepción, Galván-Magaña, Felipe, Elorriaga-Verplancken, Fernando Ricardo
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Publicado: Iniversidad Autónoma de Baja California 2023
Acceso en línea:https://www.cienciasmarinas.com.mx/index.php/cmarinas/article/view/3361
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id oai:cienciasmarinas.com.mx:article-3361
record_format ojs
institution Ciencias Marinas
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language eng
spa
format Online
author Rodríguez-Rafael, Eunice Donají
García-Aguilar, María de la Concepción
Galván-Magaña, Felipe
Elorriaga-Verplancken, Fernando Ricardo
spellingShingle Rodríguez-Rafael, Eunice Donají
García-Aguilar, María de la Concepción
Galván-Magaña, Felipe
Elorriaga-Verplancken, Fernando Ricardo
Decline of one of the southernmost northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) colonies and its relationship with a warm sea environment
author_facet Rodríguez-Rafael, Eunice Donají
García-Aguilar, María de la Concepción
Galván-Magaña, Felipe
Elorriaga-Verplancken, Fernando Ricardo
author_sort Rodríguez-Rafael, Eunice Donají
title Decline of one of the southernmost northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) colonies and its relationship with a warm sea environment
title_short Decline of one of the southernmost northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) colonies and its relationship with a warm sea environment
title_full Decline of one of the southernmost northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) colonies and its relationship with a warm sea environment
title_fullStr Decline of one of the southernmost northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) colonies and its relationship with a warm sea environment
title_full_unstemmed Decline of one of the southernmost northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) colonies and its relationship with a warm sea environment
title_sort decline of one of the southernmost northern elephant seal (mirounga angustirostris) colonies and its relationship with a warm sea environment
description Over several decades, air temperature and sea surface temperature (SST) have increased in the northeastern Pacific, as has the frequency of large-scale warm anomalies in SST. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of these warm anomalies on the production of northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris; NES) pups from the colony of the San Benito Archipelago, located in the central-western region of the Baja California Peninsula. Pup and adult female counts from the 2002 to 2019 breeding seasons were compiled to determine the trend in the abundance of the colony and its current state. In addition, birth rate variations during the study period were assessed. Likewise, the presence of warm anomaly events in the SST in the potential foraging area of adult females (PFA) was analyzed. The San Benito colony decreased at an average annual rate of 3.6% from 2002 to 2019, with an estimated abundance of 4,723 individuals (95% CI: 3,821–5,615) in 2019. However, the birth rate remained constant (mean 0.68 ± 0.08), even though several warm anomaly events associated with El Niño and The Blob phenomena were detected in the PFA. Our results suggest that large-scale warm anomalies in the SST do not severely impact NES pup production, thus the decline of the San Benito colony since the late 1900s could be due to other environmental factors, such as the increase in air temperature associated with climate change.
publisher Iniversidad Autónoma de Baja California
publishDate 2023
url https://www.cienciasmarinas.com.mx/index.php/cmarinas/article/view/3361
_version_ 1792095484945367040
spelling oai:cienciasmarinas.com.mx:article-33612024-02-08T22:54:21Z Decline of one of the southernmost northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) colonies and its relationship with a warm sea environment Declive de una de las colonias más sureñas de elefante marino del norte (Mirounga angustirostris) y su relación con un ambiente marino cálido Rodríguez-Rafael, Eunice Donají García-Aguilar, María de la Concepción Galván-Magaña, Felipe Elorriaga-Verplancken, Fernando Ricardo climate change pinnipeds population trend pup production sea surface temperature anomalies cambio climático pinnípedos tendencia poblacional producción de crías anomalías de temperatura superficial del mar Over several decades, air temperature and sea surface temperature (SST) have increased in the northeastern Pacific, as has the frequency of large-scale warm anomalies in SST. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of these warm anomalies on the production of northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris; NES) pups from the colony of the San Benito Archipelago, located in the central-western region of the Baja California Peninsula. Pup and adult female counts from the 2002 to 2019 breeding seasons were compiled to determine the trend in the abundance of the colony and its current state. In addition, birth rate variations during the study period were assessed. Likewise, the presence of warm anomaly events in the SST in the potential foraging area of adult females (PFA) was analyzed. The San Benito colony decreased at an average annual rate of 3.6% from 2002 to 2019, with an estimated abundance of 4,723 individuals (95% CI: 3,821–5,615) in 2019. However, the birth rate remained constant (mean 0.68 ± 0.08), even though several warm anomaly events associated with El Niño and The Blob phenomena were detected in the PFA. Our results suggest that large-scale warm anomalies in the SST do not severely impact NES pup production, thus the decline of the San Benito colony since the late 1900s could be due to other environmental factors, such as the increase in air temperature associated with climate change. Desde hace varias décadas, tanto la temperatura del aire como la temperatura superficial del mar (TSM) han incrementado en el Pacífico Nororiental, al igual que la frecuencia de anomalías cálidas de gran escala en la TSM. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el impacto de estas anomalías cálidas en la producción de crías de elefante marino del norte (Mirounga angustirostris; EMN) de la colonia del archipiélago San Benito, ubicada en la región centro-occidental de la península de Baja California. Se compilaron los conteos de crías y hembras adultas de las temporadas reproductivas de 2002 a 2019 para determinar la tendencia y la abundancia actual de la colonia, así como para evaluar las variaciones en la tasa de nacimientos durante el periodo de estudio. Asimismo, se analizó la presencia de eventos de anomalías cálidas en la TSM en la zona potencial de alimentación de las hembras adultas (ZPA). La colonia de San Benito decreció a una tasa anual promedio de 3.6% de 2002 a 2019, y para 2019 se estimó la abundancia en 4,723 individuos (IC 95%: 3,821-5,615). Sin embargo, la tasa de nacimientos se mantuvo constante (media 0.68 ± 0.08), a pesar de que se detectaron varios eventos de anomalías cálidas asociadas a los fenómenos de El Niño y La Mancha. Nuestros resultados sugieren que las anomalías cálidas de gran escala en la TSM no impactaron severamente la producción de crías del EMN, por lo que el declive de la colonia de San Benito desde finales de la década de 1990 podría deberse a otros factores ambientales, como el incremento en la temperatura del aire asociado al cambio climático. Iniversidad Autónoma de Baja California 2023-08-24 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Artículo Arbitrado application/pdf text/xml text/xml https://www.cienciasmarinas.com.mx/index.php/cmarinas/article/view/3361 10.7773/cm.y2023.3361 Ciencias Marinas; Vol. 49 (2023) Ciencias Marinas; Vol. 49 (2023) 2395-9053 0185-3880 eng spa https://www.cienciasmarinas.com.mx/index.php/cmarinas/article/view/3361/420420748 https://www.cienciasmarinas.com.mx/index.php/cmarinas/article/view/3361/420420883 https://www.cienciasmarinas.com.mx/index.php/cmarinas/article/view/3361/420420884 Copyright (c) 2023 Eunice Donají Rodríguez-Rafael, María de la Concepción García-Aguilar, Felipe Galván-Magaña, Fernando Ricardo Elorriaga-Verplancken https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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