Sustainable building and CO2 emissions: analysis of the transport of sand in Tijuana and Tecate, B.C.

Sustainable building and CO2 emissions: analysis of the transport of sand in Tijuana and Tecate, B.C.

The sands are the second most resources extracted and traded by volume after water and outperform fossil fuels and biomass. Currently, 50 billion tons are extracted per year, or an average of 18 kg per person per day [1]. Although the life cycle approach of materials requires that the environmental...

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Autores principales: Álvarez-Andrade, Adriana, Ravelo-García, Alicia
פורמט: Online
שפה:spa
יצא לאור: Universidad Autónoma de Baja California 2020
גישה מקוונת:https://recit.uabc.mx/index.php/revista/article/view/34
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id recit-article-34
record_format ojs
institution RECIT
collection OJS
language spa
format Online
author Álvarez-Andrade, Adriana
Ravelo-García, Alicia
spellingShingle Álvarez-Andrade, Adriana
Ravelo-García, Alicia
Sustainable building and CO2 emissions: analysis of the transport of sand in Tijuana and Tecate, B.C.
author_facet Álvarez-Andrade, Adriana
Ravelo-García, Alicia
author_sort Álvarez-Andrade, Adriana
title Sustainable building and CO2 emissions: analysis of the transport of sand in Tijuana and Tecate, B.C.
title_short Sustainable building and CO2 emissions: analysis of the transport of sand in Tijuana and Tecate, B.C.
title_full Sustainable building and CO2 emissions: analysis of the transport of sand in Tijuana and Tecate, B.C.
title_fullStr Sustainable building and CO2 emissions: analysis of the transport of sand in Tijuana and Tecate, B.C.
title_full_unstemmed Sustainable building and CO2 emissions: analysis of the transport of sand in Tijuana and Tecate, B.C.
title_sort sustainable building and co2 emissions: analysis of the transport of sand in tijuana and tecate, b.c.
description The sands are the second most resources extracted and traded by volume after water and outperform fossil fuels and biomass. Currently, 50 billion tons are extracted per year, or an average of 18 kg per person per day [1]. Although the life cycle approach of materials requires that the environmental costs of the construction process be quantified at all stages, the efforts of UN agencies and international organizations to account for CO2 emissions have not considered the contribution of GHGs during the transport of materials such as gravel and sand and, if they do, the data is aggregated in other topics. More than 60% of the aggregates produced in Baja California come from the Las Palmas river that runs along the municipalities of Tijuana and Tecate, B.C.  Hence the regional environmental effects are important. This study aimed to estimate CO2 emissions during sand transport using the IPCC level 1 method and vehicular counting techniques. Sand transportation from the extraction zone, in the Las Palmas river, to a transfer station located in the Alamar river was analyzed. Sixteen types of vehicles were identified. For a route of 75 km, an emission of 77.7 kg of CO2 was calculated. Emissions from 0.8 to 8.7 kg of CO2 were found per ton of sand transported; or its equivalent volume of 1.3 to 13.9 kg / m3; Therefore, the most efficient vehicles in terms of emissions were those with the greatest load capacity. The removal of sands from riverbeds, in addition to generating water impacts, also contributes to climate change due to the cumulative impact of CO2 emissions. This emphasizes the need for policies to promote more efficient means of transport for the transfer of aggregates. 
publisher Universidad Autónoma de Baja California
publishDate 2020
url https://recit.uabc.mx/index.php/revista/article/view/34
_version_ 1792095389421142016
spelling recit-article-342023-06-27T23:58:47Z Sustainable building and CO2 emissions: analysis of the transport of sand in Tijuana and Tecate, B.C. Edificación sustentable y emisiones de CO2: análisis del transporte de arena en Tijuana y Tecate, B.C. Álvarez-Andrade, Adriana Ravelo-García, Alicia Greenhouse gases Life cycle analysis Sand extraction Carbon dioxide Environmental impact assessment. Gases de efecto invernadero Análisis de ciclo de vida Extracción de pétreos Dióxido de carbono Evaluación del impacto ambiental. The sands are the second most resources extracted and traded by volume after water and outperform fossil fuels and biomass. Currently, 50 billion tons are extracted per year, or an average of 18 kg per person per day [1]. Although the life cycle approach of materials requires that the environmental costs of the construction process be quantified at all stages, the efforts of UN agencies and international organizations to account for CO2 emissions have not considered the contribution of GHGs during the transport of materials such as gravel and sand and, if they do, the data is aggregated in other topics. More than 60% of the aggregates produced in Baja California come from the Las Palmas river that runs along the municipalities of Tijuana and Tecate, B.C.  Hence the regional environmental effects are important. This study aimed to estimate CO2 emissions during sand transport using the IPCC level 1 method and vehicular counting techniques. Sand transportation from the extraction zone, in the Las Palmas river, to a transfer station located in the Alamar river was analyzed. Sixteen types of vehicles were identified. For a route of 75 km, an emission of 77.7 kg of CO2 was calculated. Emissions from 0.8 to 8.7 kg of CO2 were found per ton of sand transported; or its equivalent volume of 1.3 to 13.9 kg / m3; Therefore, the most efficient vehicles in terms of emissions were those with the greatest load capacity. The removal of sands from riverbeds, in addition to generating water impacts, also contributes to climate change due to the cumulative impact of CO2 emissions. This emphasizes the need for policies to promote more efficient means of transport for the transfer of aggregates.  Las arenas son el segundo recurso natural más consumido en el planeta después del agua dulce y superan a los combustibles fósiles y la biomasa. Actualmente se extraen 50 mil millones de toneladas al año, o un promedio de 18 kg por persona al día [1]. Aunque el enfoque del ciclo de vida de los materiales requiere que se cuantifiquen los costos ambientales del proceso constructivo en todas sus etapas, los esfuerzos de agencias de la ONU y organismos internacionales por contabilizar las emisiones de CO2 no han considerado la contribución de los GEI durante el transporte de materiales como la grava y arena y, si lo hacen, los datos están agregados en otros rubros. Más del 60% de los agregados pétreos producidos en Baja California provienen del cauce del arroyo Las Palmas que corre entre Tijuana y Tecate, B.C.; por lo que los efectos ambientales regionales son importantes. Este estudio tuvo por objetivo estimar las emisiones de CO2 durante el transporte de arena utilizando el método de nivel 1 del IPCC y una técnica de aforo vehicular. Se analizó el acarreo desde la zona de extracción, en el arroyo Las Palmas, hasta una estación de transferencia ubicada en el arroyo Alamar. Se identificaron dieciséis tipos de automotores. Para un recorrido de 75 km, se calculó una emisión de 77.7 kg de CO2. Se encontraron emisiones desde 0.8 hasta 8.7 kg de CO2 por tonelada de arena transportada; o su volumen equivalente de 1.3 a 13.9 kg/m3; por lo que los automotores más eficientes en términos de emisiones fueron los de mayor capacidad de carga, La remoción de arenas de los cauces de ríos, además de generar impactos hídricos también contribuye al cambio climático debido al impacto acumulativo de las emisiones de CO2, por lo que se enfatiza en la necesidad de políticas para promover medios de transporte más eficientes para el traslado de materias primas. Universidad Autónoma de Baja California 2020-01-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Research article Artículo de investigación application/pdf text/html application/xml https://recit.uabc.mx/index.php/revista/article/view/34 10.37636/recit.v316370 REVISTA DE CIENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS; Vol. 3 No. 1 (2020): January-March; 63-70 REVISTA DE CIENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS; Vol. 3 Núm. 1 (2020): Enero-Marzo; 63-70 2594-1925 spa https://recit.uabc.mx/index.php/revista/article/view/34/37 https://recit.uabc.mx/index.php/revista/article/view/34/48 https://recit.uabc.mx/index.php/revista/article/view/34/160 Copyright (c) 2020 Adriana Álvarez-Andrade, Alicia Ravelo-García http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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